Key Points

Question Do rates of postoperative surgical site infections after implant-based breast reconstruction improve when using a multiple-dose instead of a single-dose prophylactic antibiotic regimen?

Findings In this randomized clinical trial, there were no differences in rates of postoperative infections among patients managed with single vs multiple doses of prophylactic antibiotics; multiple doses were associated with higher rates of adverse events.

Meaning Multiple-dose intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis is not superior to a single-dose regimen in preventing postoperative infection after implant-based breast reconstruction and is not recommended because of the associated higher rates of adverse events.

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